Rising Tensions in Colombia: ELN vs FARC Over Coca Territories

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Colombia’s northern region of Catatumbo is torn apart as fierce clashes break out between the ELN and FARC dissidents, vying for control over critical coca-producing lands.

Key Insights

  • Over 80 people killed and thousands displaced due to rebel group clashes.
  • Conflict involves the ELN and FARC splinter groups vying for coca land control.
  • At least 5,000 people forced to seek refuge with emergency shelters established.
  • President Gustavo Petro’s peace strategy falters amid rising violence.

Violence Erupts in Catatumbo

The situation in Catatumbo, a coca-rich region of Colombia, has reached a boiling point with the resurgence of brutal clashes between the National Liberation Army (ELN) and factions from the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). As of now, the death toll has tragically risen above 80, forcing thousands to flee in fear. The fighting primarily centers around the control of coca fields, which are both economically vital and strategically located by the Venezuelan border.

Catatumbo’s humanitarian situation is dire and growing worse daily. At least 5,000 residents have abandoned their homes, with makeshift shelters providing temporary refuge in schools. According to Colombia’s Ombudsman’s Office, nearly 20 people, among them 10 women, have been kidnapped. These incidents have also prevented dignified burial for many of the deceased, sowing further agony among grieving families.

The Battle Over Coca Territory

The underlying tension stems from the region’s abundant coca cultivation, a lucrative business attracting rival factions like bees to honey. Dissident segments of the FARC, particularly the 33rd Front, have openly clashed with the ELN, even allegedly declaring war through leaked audio recordings. Such skirmishes have left a blood-stained trail, claiming lives of former fighters and civilian leaders alike.

This territory remains under the shadow of previous FARC control, depriving government forces the ability to establish dominance, thus allowing illegal armed groups to perpetuate drug trafficking. In response, the Colombian military has deployed 300 troops in the region, an effort to regain stability and control over these disputed lands.

Challenges to Peace and Governance

The conflict represents one of the most significant setbacks for President Gustavo Petro, who envisaged a peaceful nation when he took office in 2022. Efforts towards ‘total peace’ have seen obstacles, especially with the collapse of peace talks between the government and the ELN following accusations against the latter of murdering members of competing factions.

The president’s strategic decision to cease negotiations with the ELN marks a moment of critical reflection for Colombia’s approach to peace. If tensions continue, the escalation could permanently shut the door on diplomatic engagements and heighten volatility across the nation.

Sources

1. Colombia death toll from rebel violence rises to 80

2. More than 80 people killed in Colombia as truce between rebel groups collapses